While PCI-Express 3.0 device are currently the best you can get, the PCI-Express 4.0 ones are coming and some have been detailed at Intel Developer Conference 2016 held earlier.
The PCI-Express 4.0 interface will double the bandwidth of the PCI-Express 3.0 standard, offering up to 16GT/s. This will allow PCI-Express 4.0 devices to access the same bandwidth of PCI-Express 3.0 with just half of the PCIe lanes and offer much more bandwidth for future GPUs and other devices.
Unfortunately, we still do not know when Intel or AMD plan to integrated PCI-Express 4.0 to consumer or enterprise motherboards. During IDF 2016 event, Mellanox showed a 100Gb network card which is based on PCIe 4.0 x16 interface.
The PCI-SIG is already working on PCIe 5.0 standard which is expected to double the bandwidth of the PCIe 4.0 one. The PCIe 4.0 interface, according to PCI-SIG is expected in 2017.
Source:
via Overclock3D.net.